Growth of NYS Business Essays - Canal, Free Essays, Term Papers

Growth of NYS Business Essays - Canal, Free Essays, Term Papers Growth of NYS Business April 17, 1996 For a number of reasons, business enterprise in New York grew by leaps and bounds between 1825 and 1860. New York's growth between the years 1825 and 1860 can be attributed to a number of factors. These include but cannot be limited to the construction of the Erie Canal, the invention of the telegraph, the developed of the railroads, the establishment of Wall Street and banking, the textile, shipping, agriculture and newpaper industries, the development of steam power and the use of iron products. On October 26, 1825 the Erie Canal was opened. The canal immediately became an important commercial route connecting the East with the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. With tht time of travel cut to one-third and the cost of shipping freight cut to one-tenthof the previous figures, commerce via the canal soon made New York City the chief port of the Atlantic. The growing urban population and the contruction of canals, railroads and factories stimulated the demand for raw materials and food stuffs. In 1836 four-fifths of the tonnage over the Erie Canal came from western New York (North, 105). Much of this cargo was in the form of agriculture goods. The farmer become a shrewed businessaman of sorts as he tended to produce whatever products would leave him the greatest profit margin. The rise of the dairy industry was by far the most significant development in the agricultural history of the state between 1825 and 1860. Farmers discovered that cows were their most relliable money-makers, since both the domestic and foreign market kept demanding more dairy products (Ellis, 273). Price flucuations became increasingly important for the farming population between 1825 and 1860. Prices rose from the low level of the early 1820's until the middle 1830's and the farmer's shared in the general prosperity (271). Although the rapid industrialization and urbanization of New York had a great deal to do with the success of agricultural markets sporadic demand from aboard as a result of the Irish famine, the Crimean War and the repeal of the Corn Laws in England also contributed(North, 141). During this period Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia, in that order were the leading wheat growing states. Between the years 1840 and 1850 New York ranked first in the production of beef. The absence of politic party differences on issues related to the the growth of democracy existed in regard to the foremost economic questions, there was absolutely no partisan division evident in the movement to incorporate new financial institutions; rather , the primary factors , which the legislators examined, concerned value, feasibility, profit and the location within the state. Dozens of turnpike proposals, most of which werebacked by the Republicans, passed the legislature; but the Federalists cooperated, seeing the chance for profits. Prominent Federalists like John Rutherfurd, John Neilson, William Paterson, John Bayard, and James Parker invested susstanial sums in the turnpike business. There were numerous Republicans who were also vitally interested in the turnpike business (Kass, 150). Bipartisan support also accompanied plans for the construction of bridges and canals. All of the parties contained a large number of adherents from from every level of economic well-being in society. This helps to expain the absence of any clear-cut party differences on the major economic issues of the such as the chartering of banks, the protestive tariff, internal improvements, the development of manufacturing, and the promotion of superior agricultural techniques. Each politcal faction had segments both pro and con on most of these questions, and, inall cases it was opprtunism, the desire for profits, which was decisive in determining one's political position on these economic issues(175). New York's economic growth can also be attributed to the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton had become a boom crop in the south, however, plantation owners were either too engrossed in the production of their crops or too unschooled in business techiniques to handle its distribution. Some just did not want to be bothered. This opened thee door for agents representing New York shipping firms who were only too happy to help them out - for a fee. This scheme not only earned the New York merchants a handsome profit but also solved the problem that without cotton the ship owner would be hards preesed to find adequate cargoes for their return voyages. And so it came about that New York in the nineteeth century became the nation's foremost shipper of cotton(Allen, 108-109). The cotton shipments entering New York harbor were brought to textile mills for processing. A group of New york capitalist estashlished

From onstructivism to social realism Research Paper

From onstructivism to social realism - Research Paper Example Constructivism was the final and most dominant movement of contemporary art to thrive in Russia in the 20th century. It developed immediately as the Bolsheviks came to supremacy in the Revolution of October 1917, and primarily it performed as a rod of lightning for the expectations and proposals of a lot of the highly developed Russian artists who propped up the goals of the revolution It took ideas from Futurism, Suprematism, and Cubism. However, at its core was an entirely novel approach to creating substances, one which sought after eliminating the conventional artistic interest with composition, and substitute it with structuring. Constructivism necessitated a cautious technological investigation of contemporary equipment, and it was expected that this analysis would in due course produce ideas that could be placed to make use of in mass creation, helping the ends of a contemporary, society of Communist. In due course, nevertheless, the pressure group broke down in attempting to make the evolution from the artist's studio to the industrial unit. A number of them went on to be adamant on the significance of abstract, systematic work and the significance of art by itself; these artistes had a key influence on thinning out Constructivism all over Europe. Some of them, in the interim, pushed on to a novel; however, transitory and unsatisfactory period referred to as Productivism, whereby artists operated in industry. Russian Constructivism was in turn down around the mid 1920s, partially a victim of the increased antagonism of Bolshevik's regime to avant-garde art. Nevertheless, it would carry on being a motivation for Western artists, upholding a pressure group known as International Constructivism which thrived in Germany around 1920s, and whose bequest carried on into the 1950s. Constructivism enlarged alongside with Suprematism, the two foremost contemporary forms of art to emerge out of Russia in the 20th century. However, different from Suprematism, whose interests with outline and notion time and again appeared tinged with spirituality, Constructivism steadfastly took on the novel societal and cultural progresses that emerged out of First World War and the Revolution in October 1917 (Haifa, 2009). Interested with the exploitation of ‘materials that are real in actual space’, the pressure group sought after to make use of art as an instrument for the ordinary commodity, a lot in line with the principles of Communists of the new regime in Russian. Many of the works of Russian Constructivists from this phase entailed schemes in architecture, internal and fashion design, earthenware, print and graphics. El Lissitzky was vital in thinning out Constructivism outside Russia. In 1922, he co-planned the Congress of Dusseldorf of Global Prolific Artists, in conjunction with Theo van Doesburg of the Dutch faction DeStijl, and Hans Richter and here the intercontinental Constructivist pressure group was legitimately established (Ki mmelman, 2009). The artists at the Congress in Dusseldorf publicized a proposal that asserted art as an "instrument of development," changing Constructivism into a representation of the contemporary era. Though the global interest group did not bring to light functionality, it stretched out on the initiative of art as an item, and made use of novel materials to bring to light progresses in equipment and industry. Germany turned out to be the hub of the novel interest group owing to the presence of El Lissitzky, who utilized time in Berlin operating on galleries at the Grosse Berliner Ausstellung and the Van Diemen Galerie in the commencement of 1920s. He also worked in partnership on a number of periodicals. Kurt Schwitters and Hans Arp were both engrossed to the contemporary, technical standards of Constructivism regardless of their participation in the more revolutionary interest group Dada. Lissitzky's forms of Proun also shaped the effort

The Rise and Fall of the HP Way Case Study Essay

The Rise and Fall of the HP Way Case Study - Essay Example What was the HP Way? In the HP Alumni Association, Inc. (2012), it was revealed that the HP Way had five clearly stipulated corporate values to wit: â€Å"We have trust and respect for individuals. We focus on a high level of achievement and contribution. We conduct our business with uncompromising integrity. We achieve our common objectives through teamwork. We encourage flexibility and innovation† (HP Alumni Association, Inc. 2012). The date stipulate for these corporate values to be designed, instituted and implemented within the organization is in 1992. Accordingly, the HP corporate objectives designed as early as 1966 focused on seven explicit goals: (1) profit, (2) customers, (3) field of interest, (4) growth, (5) employees, (6) organization, and (7) citizenship (HP Alumni Association, Inc. 2012). ... Governance under Carly Fiorina Case facts revealed that Carly Fiorina was a former sales executive that was hired to shake up HP. She was reported to become HP’s Chairman and CEO in 1999, three years after the death of one of its founders, Dave Packard. It was specifically noted that she was hired from external sources and was instrumental in changing various corporate values that were identified to be an integral part of the HP Way. From among the tranformations attributed to Fiorina were: (1) mishandling of lay-offs; (2) valuing profits more than people; (3) creating a ‘cult of personality’; and (4) creating a culture of fear (Dong, 2002, p. 1). To expound on the aspect of laying-off employees, according to Jaime Ash, a retired engineer who stayed with HP for more than 28 years, the HP way that employees and management had been talking about focused on â€Å"co-workers (who) were reassigned to new jobs rather than fired; how the company for a time implemented a shortened work week for all employees so certain individuals would not lose their jobs† (Dong, 2002, p. 1). In sum, the differentiated practices under Fiorina’s helm and the HP Way are detailed below: Corporate Practice HP Way Fiorina’s Helm Firing/lay-offs Job reassignment Laid-off 6000 employees Corporate culture Trust, respect Distrust, fear Motivational program Motivated by hugs Motivated by fear Management practice To be part of the team; Distant and aloof; decentralized top-down approach Communication practice Open, sharing information Close, secret, discreet Mistakes that Led to HP’s Near Collapse From the information and assessment of the facts, one could

The change in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The change in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay The banquet scene is a pivotal one. Discuss this comment in terms of plot, staging, character and relationships, particularly the change in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Act 3, scene four of Macbeth the play, by William Shakespeare contains many of the themes that run throughout the play, which make the scene such a pivotal one. A main theme of the play is witchcraft and the supernatural. This is symbolised by the witches, and Macbeths vow to visit them the following day- I will to-morrow (and betimes I will) to the Weird Sisters. and is also, more importantly, present in the form of Banquos ghost in the banquet scene. This theme of the supernatural is not only vital to the plot, but was written into the play specifically to please King James 1 of England. The play was written, and performed in 1606, with the aim of impressing the new king. Shakespeare knew that King James was greatly interested in witchcraft and the supernatural- so much so that the king actually wrote a book called Daemonologie all about supernatural occurrences. Therefore, in order to make the play appealing for the king, Shakespeare included witches and a running theme of the supernatural. Another feature of the play included for the new King, is the character of Banquo. The inspiration for the story actually came from real life, in 11th century Scotland, but was changed to suit the melodrama of a play. The character of Banquo was based on a real ancestor of King James, and this, therefore, associated the king further with the plot. Banquo is shown as the good character throughout, matching Macbeths courage and bravery in war, but lacking the ambition that grips him and eventually drives him to murder. This is shown earlier in the play, when the witches predict the future. Macbeths strong sense of ambition takes over and he follows up what the witches told him. Banquo, however, does not pursue the idea. An incident that greatly affects scene four is the murder of Duncan by Macbeth. This is the beginning of the line of murders that Macbeth commits- this he does himself, others using assassins- and where he effectively steps into the blood. It is here that the tragic hero makes his fate. It is, in fact, Banquos murder in act three, scene three that confirms the swing of doubtful wrong to definite evil for Macbeth. Macbeth himself confirms this change at the end of act 3 scene 4 by saying I am in blood steppd in so far, that should I wade no more returning were as tedious as go oer and we are yet but young in deed . Another feature of act 3 scene 4 is the obvious change in relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth and his Lords. Evidence of the first can be found earlier in the play, where Lady Macbeth and her husband have a very trusting relationship, and plot Duncans murder together. When Macbeth feels nervous about killing Duncan, Lady Macbeth reassures him, knowing exactly how to make him change his mind- Wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem, letting I dare not wait upon I would, like the poor cat I the adage? It is evident throughout the play that Macbeth does not like people doubting his manliness I dare do all that may become a man; who dares do more, is none., and Lady Macbeth has obviously picked up on this. For instance in act two, scene four, when Macbeth has doubts about killing Duncan, Lady Macbeth says When you durst do it, then you were a man: and to be so much more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. After she says this, Macbeth goes ahead with the murder, showing the effect his wife has on him Lady Macbeth holds the same want of power as Macbeth, and both think of killing the king before talking to the other about it. This shows that they know the way the other thinks, and want the same things. When we first see the couple meet, Macbeth greets his wife by saying My dearest love which shows his obvious affection for her. However, scene four of act three is a pivotal one in terms of the relationship between Lady Macbeth and her husband. A massive change in the relationship is evident throughout the scene. Here we see that he has not let her in on the murder of Banquo, and as he hallucinates about Banquos ghost, he still does not tell her of his deed. Lady Macbeths love of her husband and fear of getting caught is shown by her desperate attempt to conceal his guilt and to get rid of the guests. However, the change in the relationship between the two is possibly more of a reflection on the change in Macbeths character, rather than the relationship its self. Macbeths growing distrust is also shown in this scene, resulting in the break down of the so far successful relationship between he and his wife. As he goes on in his plans, his circle of trust is slowly closing in and now even his wife, whom he plotted the first murder with, is on the outside. She is not aware that he has employed the murder of Banquo and Fleance, and she thinks the ghost he sees is that of Duncan. This also shows the difference in the twos view on their relationship. Lady Macbeth, at this point, has no idea that she is being left out of proceedings, and feels she and her husband have plotted together throughout. Macbeth however, knows that he has kept Banquos murder from her, and therefore is beginning to feel that her can not even trust her. This suggests that the breakdown of their relationship has more to do with a change in Macbeths character than the relationship itself. The distrust taking over Macbeth is also evident in act three, scene three, where he hires a third murderer to ensure that Banquo and Fleance are killed. The banquet scene not only shows Macbeths character becoming more guarded and distrusting, but shows his shift from good to evil. He decides that his crimes are such that there is no point trying to reform his character. His sense of right and wrong has disintegrated into a need for power. He no longer feels as much guilt for his murders, and sees no way out of what he has already done. This is shown in the line I am in blood steppd in so far, that should I wade no more returning were as tedious as go oer . The line we are yet but young in deed also shows that Macbeth has no intention of stopping the murders, and has more plans in mind. Another change in relationship that is evident in the scene is that of Macbeth and his lords. This scene is pivotal in that we see an obvious suspicion of Macbeth from the lords that until now has been very subtle. They are startled by their new kings behaviour, and begin to question him- What sights, my lord? Lady Macbeth picks up on this and becomes worried that her husband will reveal the truth about Duncans murder. This is shown by her haste to remove the lords from the room- Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once. This is a contrast with the calmness at the start of the scene, where everyone is civilised and relaxed, and shows the disorder brought on by the death of Banquo and his ghost. The staging of the banquet scene is very important in terms of understanding the plot, especially the ghost. If done properly, the scene can be very effective, however if not, the idea of the ghost can become very confusing to the audience. The main issue when thinking of staging is putting the fact that Banquo is now a ghost and that only Macbeth can see him, across to the audience. This can be done in many ways, using different dramatic techniques. The first that could be used, is a cinematic projection of the character onto the stage. This could flicker slightly every now and again, emphasising the fact that the ghost is not real. The image would be of Banquo walking to the chair, and sitting down, projected onto a plain background or even just the scenery. I think this would be especially effective because the audience can see what Macbeth is seeing, but at the same time are aware that it is not real. While the image is playing, the rest of the cast could be brought into freeze frame while Macbeth reacts to the ghost, once again emphasising the fact that the ghost is only visible to Macbeth. The lights around the rest of the cast could also be brought down, adding to the effect made by the freeze frame. Meanwhile, a spotlight could shine on Macbeth, not only showing that he can see the ghost, but that he is now almost totally alone in his plans. Earlier it was he and Lady Macbeth that plotted together, but now he is on his own, trusting only himself. The projected image of Banquo would be the same character that played him in the performance however a costume change would be needed in order to make it authentic. The character would have to have rips in his costume, and blood and wounds on his face. This would show the audience that Banquo was in fact dead and this was his ghost. Costume change is a useful technique that would make the next idea more feasible. The actual character that played Banquo could play the ghost, and appear back on stage. This idea would be slightly less clear to the audience, but could still work. The character, once again, could have ripped clothes and blood and wounds on his face, although more care would have to be taken in order to make it clear to the audience that Banquo is actually dead. Lights could be used to great effect with this idea, for instance the main lights could go down, then lights could shine upwards on Banquo. This would give more of a spooky feel, and increase the feeling of the supernatural. Here, once again, a spotlight could be shone on Macbeth, signifying his isolation form the people he was once close to. Another way to do the lights would be to shine a spotlight on Banquo and Macbeth, leaving the others in the room in darkness. This would show that only those two were involved in the action, and could also signify the fact that they are the only two in the room that know of Banquos murder. Here, instead of using the technique of freeze frame the other characters in the scene could be moving around as they would normally be, but in silence. This would show that no one has noticed Macbeths strange behaviour yet. When using a real person, routes onto stage have to be thought of. Trapdoors could be used to give the idea that the ghost is just appearing out of no where, then disappearing, using smoke to camouflage what is happening. Another way the ghost could be hidden from the audience is just by using the wings. The ghost could enter from one side, then leave from the other, hiding in the wings, then reappearing. When the ghost enters the lights should be brought down, then brightened up again immediately as the ghost leaves. As the lights come up, the rest of the cast could come out of the freeze frame, or begin to talk if freeze frame is not used, showing that they had not seen the ghost at all. In conclusion, when considering staging plot and relationships, the banquet scene is a particularly important one. It shows a huge change in relationships between Macbeth and his wife, and his friends. It is here that the tragic hero can either redeem himself, or fall further into the clutches of despair. Macbeth chooses the easy option of continuing down the same road, blocking out the people he was once close to. Therefore, this scene is pivotal and shows changes in attitudes, relationships and, most importantly, character.

Hamlet - Appearence Vs Reality Essay -- essays research papers

Appearence vs Reality Possibly the best piece of writing ever done by William Shakespeare, Hamlet, is a classic example of a tragedy. In all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, Brutus falls on his sword, and like them Hamlet dies by getting cut with a poison tipped sword. The theme that remains constant throughout the play is appearance versus reality. Things within the play appear to be true and honest but in reality are polluted with evil. Many of the characters within the play hide behind a mask of dishonesty. Four of the main characters that hid behind this mask are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the king Claudius. From behind this mask they give the impression of a person who is sincere and true, in reality they are overwhelmed with lies and evil. Hamlet is spied on many times in the play. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two of Hamlets childhood friends who when asked by the king, try to find out what is troubling the young prince. Both help to add to the theme by showing their appearance of being Hamlets friends. The pair goes to Hamlet pretending to be his friends when in truth they are only there because the king asked them to find the truth. Hamlet quickly reveals the truth and says, "Were you not sent for/ And there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft in color." (Shakespeare 2:2:278) From these words he is demanding an answer from his school...

Different Types of Resistors

Different Types of Resistors Electrical engineering involves the study and development of different electrical technologies, which are used for different purposes. One device that is very common in engineering and in electrical engineering is a resistor. A resistor is nothing but a special electrical component that helps in the induction of electrical resistance in a given electrical circuit. The resistors can be made up of different elements and different materials and it depends on the applied voltage and the applied current.No electric circuit can be complete without the use of resistors in them. The specifications of the resistors however depend on the conduction of the current. We would talk about some of the commonly used resistors. Carbon composition resistors are among the most commonly used resistors, which usually consist of a special cylindrical resistive element. The resistive element is usually made up of wire leads or metal end caps that help in providing resistance to the flow of current.These resistors are used only in expensive equipments and circuits because these are quite costly as compared to other resistors. When the carbon disks are stacked on top of one another in the resistor system, it is known as carbon pile system. Other than carbon pile system, another carbon resistor that is used is carbon film resistor, wherein carbon films of different shapes and sizes are used depending on the type of resistor and the circuit it is being used in.Thick and thin film resistors are also special types of resistors used commonly. As the name suggests, thick and thin film resistors have different widths and thicknesses and depending on their thicknesses they are given the respective titles. The thin film resistors usually exhibit higher tolerance and better performance as compared to the thick film ones and that is why they are even costlier. Metal film resistors can also be used after being coated with nickel chromium.These resistors are shown to dem onstrate extremely high noise characteristics and also non-linearity. Resistors can also be wirewound where metal wires are wounded over the resistor system. The wounding of the wires provides a hindrance to the flow of current, thus leading to resistance. Grid resistor is a special form of resistor which demonstrates the connection of a large convection-cooled lattice of stamped metal alloy strips in different rows between the given electrodes.Most of these resistors are fixed resistors providing a fixed amount of resistance. But due to the changing needs, engineers have also developed special variables resistors wherein the resistance can be varied depending on the applied current and voltage. The resistance is always directly proportional to the overall voltage and inversely proportional to the applied current. Thus, all of these resistors are equally effective and advantageous. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-helpThe Cardiovascular System

The Culture Of Poverty, By Oscar Lewis, An American...

In 1959, Oscar Lewis, an American anthropologist published his now well-known book titled, Five Families; Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. This book sparked national interest, especially amongst educators, as they began consider the theory of the â€Å"culture of poverty† and its implications on their students. Many well-meaning individuals touted Lewis and his research because it provided what seemed like a reasonable explanation as to why poverty exists, despite anti-poverty programs. However, past the initial discourse that it precipitated, other researchers began to critically analyze the premises on which Lewis’ theory of the culture of poverty is founded. This research paper discusses Lewis’ original findings as well as more recent research regarding the culture of poverty; it looks at the consequences of defining poverty as a culture. As suggested by its title, Lewis’ research is focused on what he claims to be the cultural context of poverty. According to Lewis, the state of being poor inherently causes one to adopt certain qualities that perpetuate one’s state of poorness. For example, Lewis asserts that poor people experience feelings of marginalization and dependency as a result of their socioeconomic state. Lewis states, â€Å"The individual who grows up in this culture has a strong feeling of fatalism, helplessness, dependence and inferiority (Lewis, 1960).† These feelings, largely associated with isolation resulting from poor socioeconomic status,Show MoreRelatedThe Cosmic Race By Jose Vasconcelos2277 Words   |  10 Pages As we begin to go on an excursion through literature, it is important to understand the concept of what an ethnography is. Ethnography is known to be a descriptive type of work that analyzes culture and customs of individual people. James Clifford has implemented th is work into his studies and has influenced many others to do the same. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBehavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1